According to the statistics announced by Algeria’ s Ministry of Energy and Mine, residential and service sectors account for 40% of total energy consumption of the country of which a huge amount is dedicated to space heating and sanitary hot water. Therefore, using solar water heater (SWH) for providing a major part of this energy demand seems necessary in line with socio-economic development and continuous improvement of standards of living. Applications such as space and water heating are not well-developed in Algeria and no need to say that using energy management software packages is an excellent solution for enhancing management applications of energy development-based systems. Therefore current study uses TSOL and MeteoSyn software packages to investigate the potential of using SWHs for a residential apartment in 37 stations in Algeria. Results indicated that In Salah, Tamanrasset, and Adrar stations that respectively accounted for 85. 6%, 81. 2%, and 76, 7% of total thermal demand provision were the most suitable ones for SWH usage. Also, given the results it can be observed that in case of using SWH in 37 stations, 150160 kWh of thermal energy for space heating and 99861 kWh for sanitary hot water is produced which, due to not using fossil fuels for generating this thermal energy, savings up to 56783 kg in CO2 emissions are obtainable annually.

Canadian researchers are now trying to exploit much more energy from solar sources, hydropower, wind, and biomass. Given the fact that reducing the carbon pollutant level is a political priority in Canada, this paper studies the feasibility of providing sanitary hot water and space heating demands of a four-member family in 10 provinces in this country. The feasibility analysis was performed by T*SOL Pro 5. 5 software, and radiation data were obtained by MeteoSyn software. Results indicated that the most suitable station in terms of using solar water heater was Regina, which supplied 35 % of the total heat load for space heating and sanitary hot water purposes. This accounted for 5074 kWh of heat for space heating (25 % of demand) and 3112 kWh energy for sanitary hot water (94 % of demand) using a 40 m2 solar collector. In addition, results are indicative of an annual amount of saving up to 2080 kg of CO2 in the Regina station and an annual reduction of 984 m3 in natural gas for this station. In conclusion, Canada has a potentially alluring market to utilize solar water heaters for providing sanitary hot water for the residential sector.

Objectives: Currently, different materials are used to obdurate tooth root canals. An ideal root canal filling material should have some specific properties, including biocompatibility, dimensional stability and insolubility. Materials and Methods: One of the methods to evaluate these materials is to carry out solubility and microhardness tests. To this end, 20 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) samples were prepared for solubility test and 60 samples for microhardness test. MTA (Angelus, Brazil) was prepared based on manufacturer’ s instructions by mixing the powder and catalyst at a ratio of 1: 1 and was placed in Teflon molds. The samples were stored in a room with 95% relative humidity at 37° C for 390 minutes (3 times longer than the setting time). The solubility of the materials was tested by immersing the samples in distilled water and measuring weight loss at 24-hour and 7-day intervals. The microhardness was determined using Vickers test before and after immersion in Ringer’ s solution at different intervals and the results were compared. Results: The results showed that solubility of white MTA after 1 day was similar to that of gray MTA; however, after 7 days, its solubility increased. There were no significant differences in microhardness on day 1 and on the subsequent days between white and gray MTA samples (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the solubility of white and gray MTA samples at 24-hour interval; however, at 7-day interval, the solubility of white MTA (WMTA) was significantly higher than that of grey MTA (GMTA) (with the solubility of both materials being <3%) In addition, there was no significant difference in microhardness of white and gray MTA between the first day and other intervals (P < 0. 05).

Counter-urbanization has been defined with many definitions in research literature as increasing of the small town population in the process of urban expansion and development. This study investigates the counter-urbanization process in Isfahan metropolitan Area based on an exploratory method using the population and immigration data, diurnal commuting, and the immigration motivators. The results show that, during different periods, population growth has been changed from the greater cities’ metropolitan Area to the small towns. So that, there is less population growth near the main greater cities during the last decade. Regarding the immigration as well as migration effectiveness over the population, and immigration motivators, it can be said that the most important parameters of small towns’ expansion near the greater cities are better habitation opportunities, and finding better jobs. Furthermore, decreasing the diurnal commuting close to the greater cities shows that small towns, which are farther from the greater city, have more autonomy. In addition, based on polarization reversal model, and population development investigation in metropolitan Areas, there are population development from the greater cities’ centre to the periphery Area, which is leaded to decrease the population of the main greater city, and increase the population absorption in small towns. Consequently, the urbanization of Isfahan metropolitan Area has entered to a counter-urbanization phase.

The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of external magnetic field effect on the steady, laminar, incompressible flow of an electrically conducting liquid-metal fluid in a pipe has been performed. The MHD Module of ANSYS Fluent commercial programme has been used to compute the flow and temperature fields. Na22K78 (sodium potassium) alloy has been used as operating fluid, which is liquid in room temperature. The simulations are performed for two different cases, first a non-Heated pipe flow and secondly an externally Heated pipe flow. For both cases, three different magnitude uniform external magnetic field, B0, applied (which are B0 = 0.5 T, 1.0 T and 1.25 T, T represents Tesla). The results are compared for the MHD effect on the flow variables in two cases separately, but also compared for Heated and non-Heated cases in order to analyze the temperature effect on MHD flows, as well. It is observed that heating is reducing the magnetic effect on the flow field. While in non-Heated cases it is observed that very well-known slowing down effect of MHD on fluid flow, in Heated case the velocity field shows a tendency to behave as if it were MHD is not applied. Towards the end of the physical length the heating seems dominating the MHD effect. It is shown that in Heated case temperature differences and entropy differences are in tendency to behave as if it were MHD is not applied.

Objective. In the mice, rate of fertilization and development are important in oocyte matured and a closer imitation of in-vivo conditions during oocyte maturation might be beneficial. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether lmmature mouse oocytes can be matured in-vitro in 20% Heated and non-Heated human follicular fluid and transferrin and insulin affected follicular fluid on oocyte maturation and development. Materials and Methods. Immature oocytes were isolated mechanically from 4-6 weeks old NMRI mice ovaries. Oocytes washed and transferred to the drops of medium in following experiment groups for 24 hours: Group I: 207 immature oocytes were cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% Heated human follicular fluid (hHFF). Group II: 189 immature oocytes were cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% Non-Heated Human follicular fluid (NhHFF). Group III: 242 immature oocytes were cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% hHFF, 5mg/ml Insulin and 10mg/ml transferrin. Group IV: 175 immature oocytes cultured in DMEM-Hams F12 containing 20% NhHFF. 5mg/ml lnsulin and 10mg/ml transferrin. Results. The overall maturation was significantly higher for oocytes in group III (610/5%) that other groups. The maturation rates were: 610/5% (group III), 41% (group I), 27/4% (group IV) and 10/6% (group II) respectively. The 2-cell formation embryo rates were 56% (group III), 16/7% (group IV). 15/5% (group I) and 5% (group II). Conclusion. The results demonstrate that (1) mouse immature oocytes can be matured during culture in above medium containing 20% hHFF, NhHFF, Insulin and transferrin (2), maturating and development was higher in presente of 20% hHFF, transferrin and Insulin, (3) the higher regulation of meiotic resumption during in-vitro culture of mouse oocytes might be related to the presence of Insulin and transferrin.

In this study, 6 mixing designs including 1 design of control concrete containing Portland cement, 3 designs of geopolymer concrete containing 0 to 8% nanosilica and 2 designs of slag geopolymer concrete containing nanosilica and 1 and 2% of polyolefin fibers were made (Mansourghanaei et. al., 2022; Mansourghanaei et. al., 2022; Mansourghanaei et al., 2022). In line with the prepared mixing plan, 54 concrete specimens were made for impact test (each test averaged the results of 3 concrete specimens) and 24 concrete specimens were made for compressive strength test (each test averaged the results of 4 concrete specimens) which at the age of 90 Fasts were tested and evaluated. It should be noted that for SEM and XRD tests, shredded tests were used. Concrete compressive strength test was performed at room temperature and impact weight test at room temperature and temperature of 300 and 600℃. In the drop weight test, parameters such as impact energy due to initial cracking and failure, adsorbed energy and flexibility index of concrete samples were calculated and evaluated. In order to study the microstructure and verification of the results of hammer impact test, XRD and SEM tests were used on concrete samples.

The conversion of ion beam energy into thermal X-ray radiation by means of stretched cylindrical volumes is discussed. Converting the kinetic energy of heavy ion beam into radiation energy at high efficiency is important for heavy ion fusion. The conversion efficiency between different materials, low-Z and high-Z material, is compared and simulations have been performed by SRIM code. Our results show high-z materials are superior converters. It is found to achieve a high conversion efficiency, a deposition power higher than 1016 W/cm2 is required.